Tenses with Their Types, Definitions, Rules, and Examples By Nitish Sir

All Forms of Tenses with Their Types, Definitions, Rules, and Examples (Affirmative, Negative, Interrogative, and WH-question) 

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Person	Singular	Plural
1st	I	we
2nd	you	you
3rd	he/she/it	they

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Present Tense

1. Present Indefinite (Simple Present) Tense

Definition:

Jis sentence ke ant me "ता है," "ती है," "ते हैं" aata hai, aur jo aadatan (habitual action), nityakram (daily routine), ya universal truth ko darshata ho, wo Present Indefinite tense hota hai.

Rule:

Affirmative: Subject + V1 (+s/es) + Object

Negative: Subject + do/does + not + V1 + Object

Interrogative: Do/Does + Subject + V1 + Object?

WH-question: WH-word + do/does + Subject + V1 + Object?

Note 1:  Use of s/es:

• जब subject third-person singular number (he, she, it, singular noun) हो तब verb के साथ "s" या "es" लगाते हैं। aur जब subject me (I, You, we, they, them , plural nouns) हो तब verb के साथ "s" या "es" nahi लगाते हैं।
• Example:वह पढ़ता है। (He reads.)
• वह स्कूल जाती है। (She goes to school.)

Examples:

Affirmative:

वह हर रोज स्कूल जाता है।

He goes to school every day.

Negative:

वह दूध नहीं पीता है।

He does not drink milk.

Interrogative:

क्या तुम क्रिकेट खेलते हो?

Do you play cricket?

WH-question:

तुम कहाँ रहते हो?

Where do you live?

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2. Present Continuous Tense

Definition :

Jis sentence ke ant me "रहा है," "रही है," "रहे हैं" aata hai aur jo kaarya abhi chal raha ho, usse Present Continuous Tense kehte hain.

Rule:

Affirmative: Subject + is/am/are + V1 + ing + Object

Negative: Subject + is/am/are + not + V1 + ing + Object

Interrogative: Is/Am/Are + Subject + V1 + ing + Object?

WH-question: WH-word + is/am/are + Subject + V1 + ing + Object?

Note 2:  Use of is/am/are:

• "Is" का इस्तेमाल he/she/it के लिए, "am" का इस्तेमाल I के लिए, और "are" का इस्तेमाल you/we/they के लिए होता है।
  Example:
  • मैं खेल रहा हूँ। (I am playing.)
  • वे पढ़ रहे हैं। (They are studying.)

Examples:

Affirmative:

वह किताब पढ़ रहा है।

He is reading a book.

Negative:

वे फिल्म नहीं देख रहे हैं।

They are not watching a movie.

Interrogative:

क्या वह गाना गा रही है?

Is she singing a song?

WH-question:

तुम क्या कर रहे हो?

What are you doing?

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3. Present Perfect Tense

Definition :

Jis sentence me kaarya ab tak poora ho chuka ho ya uska asar abhi tak ho, aur ant me "चुका है," "चुकी है," "चुके हैं" aata ho, usse Present Perfect kehte hain.

Rule:

Affirmative: Subject + has/have + V3 + Object

Negative: Subject + has/have + not + V3 + Object

Interrogative: Has/Have + Subject + V3 + Object?

WH-question: WH-word + has/have + Subject + V3 + Object?

Note 3: Use of has/have:

• "Has" का इस्तेमाल third-person singular के लिए और "have" का इस्तेमाल बाकी सब subjects के लिए होता है।
  Example:
  • उसने अपना काम पूरा कर लिया है। (He has finished his work.)
  • मैंने किताब पढ़ ली है। (I have read the book.)

Examples:

Affirmative:

मैंने अपना काम पूरा कर लिया है।

I have finished my work.

Negative:

उसने अभी तक खाना नहीं खाया है।

He has not eaten food yet.

Interrogative:

क्या तुमने अपना पाठ याद कर लिया है?

Have you memorized your lesson?

WH-question:

उसने किसे कॉल किया है?

Whom has she called?

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4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Definition :

Jis sentence ke ant me "रहा है," "रही है," "रहे हैं" ho aur jo kaarya pichle kuch samay se chal raha ho, usse Present Perfect Continuous Tense kehte hain.

Rule:

Affirmative: Subject + has/have + been + V1 + ing + Object + since/for + time

Negative: Subject + has/have + not + been + V1 + ing + Object + since/for + time

Interrogative: Has/Have + Subject + been + V1 + ing + Object + since/for + time?

WH-question: WH-word + has/have + Subject + been + V1 + ing + Object + since/for + time?

Examples:

Affirmative:

वह सुबह से पढ़ाई कर रहा है।

He has been studying since morning.

Negative:

हम एक घंटे से क्रिकेट नहीं खेल रहे हैं।

We have not been playing cricket for an hour.

Interrogative:

क्या वे दोपहर से फुटबॉल खेल रहे हैं?

Have they been playing football since afternoon?

WH-question:

वह कब से सो रही है?

Since when has she been sleeping?

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2. Past Tense

1. Past Indefinite (Simple Past) Tense

Definition :

Jis sentence ke ant me "था," "थी," "थे" aata hai, aur jo kaarya kisi nishchit samay pe ho chuka ho, usse Past Indefinite Tense kehte hain.

Rule:

Affirmative: Subject + V2 + Object

Negative: Subject + did + not + V1 + Object

Interrogative: Did + Subject + V1 + Object?

WH-question: WH-word + did + Subject + V1 + Object?

Note 4: Use of did:

• Negative और interrogative sentences में "did" का इस्तेमाल होता है। Verb का base form use होता है।
  Example:
  • उसने मुझे नहीं बुलाया। (She did not call me.)
  • क्या तुमने खाना खाया? (Did you eat food?)

Examples:

Affirmative:

वह कल बाजार गया था।

He went to the market yesterday.

Negative:

मैंने उसे नहीं देखा था।

I did not see him.

Interrogative:

क्या तुमने अपना काम पूरा किया था?

Did you finish your work?

WH-question:

तुमने उसे कब देखा था?

When did you see him?

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2. Past Continuous Tense

Definition :

Jis sentence ke ant me "रहा था," "रही थी," "रहे थे" aata ho, aur jo kaarya pichle samay me chal raha tha, usse Past Continuous kehte hain.

Rule:

Affirmative: Subject + was/were + V1 + ing + Object

Negative: Subject + was/were + not + V1 + ing + Object

Interrogative: Was/Were + Subject + V1 + ing + Object?

WH-question: WH-word + was/were + Subject + V1 + ing + Object?

Note 5: Use of was/were:

• "Was" का इस्तेमाल I/he/she/it के लिए और "were" का इस्तेमाल you/we/they के लिए होता है।
  Example:
  • वह पढ़ रहा था। (He was studying.)
  • हम खेल रहे थे। (We were playing.)

Examples:

Affirmative:

वह सुबह किताब पढ़ रहा था।

He was reading a book in the morning.

Negative:

हम रात को टीवी नहीं देख रहे थे।

We were not watching TV at night.

Interrogative:

क्या वह संगीत सुन रही थी?

Was she listening to music?

WH-question:

तुम क्या कर रहे थे?

What were you doing?

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3. Past Perfect Tense

Definition :

Jis sentence ke ant me "चुका था," "चुकी थी," "चुके थे" aata ho aur jo kaarya pichle samay me poora ho chuka tha, usse Past Perfect kehte hain.

Rule:

Affirmative: Subject + had + V3 + Object

Negative: Subject + had + not + V3 + Object

Interrogative: Had + Subject + V3 + Object?

WH-question: WH-word + had + Subject + V3 + Object?

Note 6: Use of had:

• "Had" का इस्तेमाल सभी subjects के लिए होता है।
  Example:
  • मैंने उसे पहले ही बताया था। (I had already told him.)
  • उन्होंने काम पूरा कर लिया था। (They had finished the work.)

Examples:

Affirmative:

उसने काम पूरा कर लिया था।

He had finished the work.

Negative:

हमने फिल्म नहीं देखी थी।

We had not watched the movie.

Interrogative:

क्या तुमने उसे बताया था?

Had you told him?

WH-question:

तुमने यह कब किया था?

When had you done this?

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4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Definition :

Jis sentence me kaarya pichle samay se chal raha tha aur kisi doosre kaarya ke hone se pehle tak chal raha tha, usse Past Perfect Continuous kehte hain.

Rule:

Affirmative: Subject + had + been + V1 + ing + Object + since/for + time

Negative: Subject + had + not + been + V1 + ing + Object + since/for + time

Interrogative: Had + Subject + been + V1 + ing + Object + since/for + time?

WH-question: WH-word + had + Subject + been + V1 + ing + Object + since/for + time?

Examples:

Affirmative:

वह एक घंटे से पढ़ाई कर रहा था।

He had been studying for an hour.

Negative:

मैं दो घंटे से काम नहीं कर रहा था।

I had not been working for two hours.

Interrogative:

क्या वह सुबह से दौड़ रहा था?

Had he been running since morning?

WH-question:

तुम कितनी देर से पढ़ रहे थे?

How long had you been studying?

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Future Tense

1. Future Indefinite (Simple Future) Tense

Definition :

Jis sentence ke ant me "गा," "गी," "गे" aata ho, aur jo kaarya bhavishya me hone wala ho, usse Future Indefinite Tense kehte hain.

Rule:

Affirmative: Subject + will/shall + V1 + Object

Negative: Subject + will/ + not + V1 + Object

Interrogative: Will + Subject + V1 + Object?

WH-question: WH-word + will + Subject + V1 + Object?

Note 7: Use of will/shall:

• "Will" का इस्तेमाल सभी subjects के लिए होता है, modern english me  "shall" का इस्तेमाल  nahi होता है।
  Example:
  • मैं स्कूल जाऊँगा। (I will go to school.)
  • वह कल आएगा। (He will come tomorrow.)

Examples:

Affirmative:

वह कल स्कूल जाएगा।

He will go to school tomorrow.

Negative:

वे इस साल यात्रा नहीं करेंगे।

They will not travel this year.

Interrogative:

क्या तुम उसे बुलाओगे?

Will you call him?

WH-question:

वह कब आएगा?

When will he come?

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2. Future Continuous Tense

Definition :

Jis sentence ke ant me "रहा होगा," "रही होगी," "रहे होंगे" aata ho, aur jo kaarya bhavishya me kisi samay chal raha hoga, usse Future Continuous Tense kehte hain.

Rule:

Affirmative: Subject + will+ be + V1 + ing + Object

Negative: Subject + will + not + be + V1 + ing + Object

Interrogative: Will+ Subject + be + V1 + ing + Object?

WH-question: WH-word + will + Subject + be + V1 + ing + Object?

Note 8: Use of will be:

• Future continuous tense में "will be" का इस्तेमाल होता है।
  Example:
  • वह इस समय खेल रहा होगा। (He will be playing at this time.)
  • हम फिल्म देख रहे होंगे। (We will be watching a movie.)

Examples:

Affirmative:

वह इस समय पढ़ रहा होगा।

He will be studying at this time.

Negative:

हम शाम को खेल नहीं रहे होंगे।

We will not be playing in the evening.

Interrogative:

क्या वे सुबह से यात्रा कर रहे होंगे?

Will they be travelling since morning?

WH-question:

वह किसके साथ काम कर रहा होगा?

Who will he be working with?

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3. Future Perfect Tense

Definition :

Jis sentence ke ant me "चुका होगा," "चुकी होगी," "चुके होंगे" aata ho aur jo kaarya bhavishya me kisi nishchit samay tak poora ho chuka hoga, usse Future Perfect Tense kehte hain.

Rule:

Affirmative: Subject + will + have + V3 + Object

Negative: Subject + will + not + have + V3 + Object

Interrogative: Will + Subject + have + V3 + Object?

WH-question: WH-word + will + Subject + have + V3 + Object?

Note 9: Use of will have:

• "Will have" का इस्तेमाल future perfect tense में होता है।
  Example:
  • वह तब तक काम पूरा कर चुका होगा। (He will have finished the work by then.)
  • मैं अपनी पढ़ाई कर लूँगा। (I will have completed my studies.)

Examples:

Affirmative:

वह तब तक अपना काम पूरा कर चुका होगा।

He will have finished his work by then.

Negative:

वे दो घंटे में नहीं आए होंगे।

They will not have arrived in two hours.

Interrogative:

क्या तुमने तब तक खाना खा लिया होगा?

Will you have eaten by then?

WH-question:

वह कब तक पहुँच चुका होगा?

When will he have arrived?

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4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Definition :

Jis sentence ke ant me "रहा होगा," "रही होगी," "रहे होंगे" aata ho aur jo kaarya bhavishya me kisi samay tak lagaatar ho raha hoga, usse Future Perfect Continuous Tense kehte hain.

Rule:

Affirmative: Subject + will + have + been + V1 + ing + Object + since/for + time

Negative: Subject + will + not + have + been + V1 + ing + Object + since/for + time

Interrogative: Will + Subject + have + been + V1 + ing + Object + since/for + time?

WH-question: WH-word + will + Subject + have + been + V1 + ing + Object + since/for + time?

Note 10: Use of will have been:

• Future perfect continuous tense में "will have been" का इस्तेमाल होता है।
  Example:
  • वह दो घंटे से पढ़ाई कर रहा होगा। (He will have been studying for two hours.)
  • हम एक घंटे से खेल रहे होंगे। (We will have been playing for an hour.)

Examples:

Affirmative:

वह दो घंटे से पढ़ाई कर रहा होगा।

He will have been studying for two hours.

Negative:

वे एक घंटे से काम नहीं कर रहे होंगे।

They will not have been working for an hour.

Interrogative:

क्या वह तब तक पढ़ रहा होगा?

Will he have been studying by then?

WH-question:

तुम कब से इंतजार कर रहे होंगे?

How long will you have been waiting?

Modern English me sabhi subjects ke saath "will" ka hi istemal hota hai, "shall" ka nahi.
Example:

• मैं स्कूल जाऊँगा। (I will go to school.)
• वह कल आएगा। (He will come tomorrow.)

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Summary of Tenses

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Here is a table with some important verb forms (V1, V2, V3, V4, V5):

(V1)	(V2)	(V3)	(V4)	(V5)
go	went	gone	going	goes
do	did	done	doing	does
eat	ate	eaten	eating	eats
speak	spoke	spoken	speaking	speaks
see	saw	seen	seeing	sees
run	ran	run	running	runs
write	wrote	written	writing	writes
make	made	made	making	makes
take	took	taken	taking	takes
give	gave	given	giving	gives
drink	drank	drunk	drinking	drinks
sing	sang	sung	singing	sings
bring	brought	brought	bringing	brings
buy	bought	bought	buying	buys
come	came	come	coming	comes
get	got	gotten/got	getting	gets
have	had	had	having	has
know	knew	known	knowing	knows
fly	flew	flown	flying	flies
read	read	read	reading	reads
think	thought	thought	thinking	thinks
begin	began	begun	beginning	begins
find	found	found	finding	finds
build	built	built	building	builds
choose	chose	chosen	choosing	chooses
catch	caught	caught	catching	catches

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